Wednesday, July 23, 2014

How to Use an Asthma Inhaler

from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
Do you have asthma? Or does your child have asthma? If so, you've read the paper inside your (or your child's) prescription. Is it difficult to read? Just read these simple and accurate directions to use an inhaler properly.

Steps

  1. You need an inhaler. Or which ever inhaler your doctor prescribed for you. (or your child)
  2. Make sure your mouth is clean and clear. You do not have to brush your teeth. You just have to clear whatever is in your mouth. Which means you can not take your inhaler while chewing gum or chewing any other object or food in your mouth. Also if you just ate, clean your mouth with a napkin.
  3. Place your index finger on top of the metal canister. Don't press hard or you'll waste a dose.
  4. Place your thumb on the bottom of the inhaler with the index finger still on top the metal canister, not pressing hard. Keep that position.
  5. Take off the cap from the mouth piece.
  6. Shake the inhaler. Don't shake it too hard. Or the canister will fly off.
  7. Exhale one time.
  8. Place the mouthpiece in between your lips.
  9. Press the metal canister with your index finger firmly. While inhaling once.
  10. Once you've inhaled once, take your finger off the canister and remove it from your mouth.
  11. Hold your breath for at least 10 seconds, and exhale.
  12. If your doctor prescribed another dose. Repeat steps 3-12
  13. When you are done, close the mouthpiece with the cap and place the inhaler in a dry area.

Tips

  • Some inhalers can cause hoarseness and candiasis - it can be useful to rinse out your mouth with water after taking your inhaler
  • If a child is using an inhaler. Get an adult to do it for the child for the first time.
  • If your doctor also prescribed a spacer just put the spacer on the inhaler and do the exact same thing.

Warnings

  • If your inhaler has a dose counter: When it goes to 000 do not use it or you will not get enough medication.
  • Do not puncture the metal canister.

Things You'll Need

  • A inhaler that your doctor prescribed for you.
  • A faucet

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How to Get Rid of Bronchitis

from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
Bronchitis is a viral disease characterized by prolonged, excessive coughing. Acute bronchitis is a one-time condition that lasts for several weeks while chronic bronchitis is an ongoing condition that lasts at least several months or longer. Chronic bronchitis usually requires professional medical treatment, but acute bronchitis is usually treated at home unless infections or complications set in. Continue reading to learn more about what you need to do in order to get rid of bronchitis.

Steps

Home Treatments
  1. Keep yourself hydrated.[1] You should drink 8-oz (250-ml) of fluid every one to two hours.
    • Staying hydrated helps to loosen congestion and maintain proper bodily functions.[2]
    • If your doctor has restricted your fluid intake due to other medical complications, you should follow his or her instructions concerning hydration.
    • Much of this fluid should be water or other low-calorie drinks to prevent yourself from taking in too many calories.
    • Juice, clear broth, and warm lemon water with honey are other good options. Warm drinks have the additional benefit of soothing throats that are sore from excessive coughing.
    • Do not consume drinks with caffeine or alcohol. These drinks will actually dehydrate you.
  2. Get plenty of rest. Strive to get as much sleep as possible. You should aim to get at least 8 hours of sleep per night, but if your illness prevents you from sleeping through the night, you should at least rest by lying with your head down or propped up.
    • Sleep is a vital part of maintaining strong immune function.[3] Without enough rest, your body will be unable to fight the virus.
    • Limit the amount of physical activity you do while you have bronchitis. Basic tasks are usually fine, but you should avoid moderate or active exercise, since this degree of activity can trigger coughing fits and wear away at your body's immune system.
  3. Use a humidifier.[4] Turn the humidifier on at night and sleep with it running.
    • Breathing in warm, moist air will loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to breathe and reducing the severity of your coughs.
    • Clean the humidifier based on the manufacturer's instructions. If you fail to clean the humidifier, bacteria and fungi can grow inside the water container and distribute itself in the air. Bacteria or fungi in the air can complicate the bronchitis.
    • You could also sit in a closed bathroom with hot water running out of the shower for 30 minutes. The steam produced by the water will work in the same way as the vapor produced by the humidifier.
  4. Avoid irritants. Pollution and cold air can make the condition worse.
    • Stop smoking and do not place yourself around others who do smoke. Smoke is a major lung irritant, and smokers are the most likely to develop chronic bronchitis.
    • Wear a mask when you anticipate being exposed to paint, household cleansers, perfume, or other strong, potent fumes.
    • Wear a face mask outside. Cold air can restrict your airways, worsening your cough and making it difficult to breath. Wearing an outdoor face mask will warm the air before it reaches your airways.
  5. Take cough medicine.[5] An over-the-counter cough syrup should only be used if the cough becomes so disruptive that it interferes with your daily life.
    • Cough syrups are usually suppressants. They suppress or restrict coughs, and as a result, you will cough less and produce less phlegm.
    • Under ordinary circumstances, you want your cough to be as productive as possible to prevent excess mucus from sitting in your lungs and causing further infection. For that reason, cough syrups and similar suppressants should not be used consistently throughout the length of the illness.
    • If you cannot sleep due to a cough or if you are coughing so much that it becomes painful, you can alternate a cough suppressant with other medication to provide temporary relief.
    • It is recommended that you consult with your doctor before taking a cough syrup, but these medicines can be obtained without a prescription.
  6. Use an expectorant. An over-the-counter expectorant will cause you to cough up more mucus.
    • The risk of developing pneumonia or other severe infections is increased in patients with bronchitis due to the amount of excess mucus produced. Use of an expectorant is recommended in order to expel this excess mucus, especially if you have non-productive coughs.
  7. Take a pain reliever. Regular doses of aspirin or acetaminophen can be used if chest pain and other body aches become unbearable.
    • Note that pain relievers will not get rid of the bronchitis, but they will dull the pain. With the ache under control, it may become easier to continue productive coughing.
    • Do not take aspirin or acetaminophen if you are taking a cough medicine that contains a pain reliever or one that may otherwise conflict with pain relievers.
Professional Medical Treatments
  1. Know when to see the doctor. If your bronchitis symptoms last for an extended period of time or if more severe symptoms develop, make an appointment with your physician.
    • Schedule an appointment with your doctor if your cough persists for over one month.
    • Call the doctor as soon as possible if you begin coughing up blood, having difficulty breathing, developing a fever, or feeling especially weak or ill.[6] You should also schedule an appointment if your feet begin to swell.
    • Contact your doctor if you begin coughing up a bad-tasting fluid. This is usually caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach and dripping down into the lungs during sleep. A doctor will prescribe an acid-reducing medication to deal with this particular type of bronchitis.
  2. Ask about antibiotics. A doctor may prescribe an antibiotic if he or she suspects that an infection is setting in.
    • Under normal circumstances, a doctor will not prescribe an antibiotic. Bronchitis is caused by a virus and antibiotics only fight bacterial infections.
    • If you begin coughing up more mucus or if that mucus becomes thicker, you may have a bacterial infection. This is when your doctor will usually prescribe an antibiotic. These antibiotics usually last anywhere from 5 to 10 days.
  3. Find out about prescription bronchodilators.[7] These medications are usually used to treat asthma.
    • A bronchodilator generally comes in the form of an inhaler. The medicine is sprayed directly into the bronchial tubes, where it opens the tubes and clears out mucus.
    • These medicines might be prescribed if your bronchitis makes it difficult to breathe.
  4. Consider checking into pulmonary rehabilitation.[8] If you have chronic bronchitis, you may need long-term therapy to strengthen your weakened lungs.
    • Pulmonary rehabilitaion is a special breathing exercise program. A respiratory therapist works with you one-on-one, designing an exercise plan that will slowly build up your lung capacity while helping you to breathe more easily.

Things You'll Need

  • Fluids
  • Humidifier
  • Face mask
  • Over-the-counter cough medicines and expectorants
  • Pain reliever
  • Bronchodilator
  • Antibiotic

Sources and Citations

  1. http://www.webmd.com/lung/cold-becomes-bronchitis?page=2
  2. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cold-remedies/ID00036
  3. http://www.health.harvard.edu/press_releases/importance_of_sleep_and_health
  4. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bronchitis/DS00031/DSECTION=lifestyle-and-home-remedies
  5. http://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-bronchitis-treatment
  6. http://health.williams.edu/ephnotes-newsletter/general-health-concerns/theres-nothing-cute-about-acute-bronchitis/
  7. http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=109392&page=2
  8. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bronchitis/DS00031/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

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How to Help a Child With Asthma

from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
Parents and other childcare workers are not always sure how they can help children with asthma. There is a lot of information out there and you can become confused quickly when trying to sort through all of the resources. This article is a guide on how to help a child with asthma.

Steps

Using an Asthma Action Plan
  1. Track your child's asthma symptoms on a chart. You should keep tabs on your child's symptoms such as coughing and wheezing and how often they occur.
    • You should also note times when symptoms interrupt school, playtime and sleep. Knowing how often your child uses a rescue inhaler is also beneficial.
  2. Record peak flow readings on your chart every day if your child is old enough to use a peak flow meter. You can correlate these measurements with symptoms you have noticed.
    • These readings can also tell you if the condition is getting worse. Contact your child's doctor if there seems to be a problem.
  3. Use tools such as charts and questionnaires to judge how well your child's asthma is controlled. This information can tell you when it might be time to adjust your child's medications.
  4. Avoid asthma triggers. Using your tools, you can identify many of your child's triggers such as dust, mold or pet dander and help your child avoid them.
    • Simple things such as vacuuming and dusting while your child is not home, or replacing regular pillow covers with hypoallergenic covers can help alleviate triggers.
  5. Know the symptoms of a full-blown attack in your child and treat it using the correct short-term medications. You can determine what caused the attack later.
  6. Recognize the symptoms of an asthma emergency. Your child might have trouble talking, use abdominal muscles to breathe or have extremely low peak flow readings.
    • If your child is exhibiting any of the above symptoms you need to call your area's emergency medical personnel.
  7. Give a copy of the asthma action plan to other caregivers including teachers, school nurses and babysitters. Make sure all of the caregivers know how to give your child his or her medicine.
    • Check your child's school for its policy on asthma medications. In some schools the child is allowed to carry his or her inhaler, but in others the child must leave the medications with the school nurse.
  8. Discuss any questions or concerns with your child's doctor. If you are just starting to formulate an asthma plan, ask for the doctor's help and input while putting it together.

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Sources and Citations

Article provided by wikiHow, a wiki how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Help a Child With Asthma. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.



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How to Help an Asthmatic During a Asthma Attack and a Panic Attack

from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
You and your best friend are jogging the school required 800 meter. Your friend has asthma in the most serious form and often has panic attacks too. As you jog you tell her about what you heard so and so saying at lunch, but then your boyfriend calls you and you run to see him . As you are talking you hear your friend start breathing harder, and wheezing. You shrug it off, she has her inhaler, she can handle it herself. Suddenly you hear her scream. When you turn around you see her fall to the ground. You run to her... but what do you do now?

Steps

  1. Get her/him to breathe. Tell her/him to take even breaths and try and exhale all the "stale" air.
  2. Use a "rescue inhaler".
    • A rescue inhaler is an inhaler that delivers relieve using albuteral. If your friend has an AeroChamber shake the inhaler for 30 seconds. Your friend may try and take the inhaler, and use it over and over without stopping, if s/he begins having a panic attack. S/he knows the inhaler will help her/him and can hardly breathe. DO NOT let her/him take the inhaler away from you. Sometimes using too much albuteral will cause the body to become weak, and s/he will be even more scared. MAKE SURE to shake the inhaler for 30 SECONDS. If you DON'T, the inhaler will be useless (this is very, very IMPORTANT)!
  3. By now your friend may be crying, yelling , shouting, or cursing at you. Have her/him sit still and straight and put her/his hands on her/his head. This opens her airways. About every minute or two have your friend use the inhaler again. Sometimes they are so scared they can't do anything by themselves and you'll need to help them. Let her/him have some space and if s/he's crying wipe the tears away. Make sure to talk to her/him. Don't let wind blow on her/him.
  4. Nebulizer: Your friend still needs help. S/he can barely walk, talk, and is still crying. If your school has a nebulizer tell the fastest person there that you need them to go tell them to get the nebulizer ready and will also need help getting your friend there. If there is no nebulizer available or nobody knows how to use it and your friend is still having an asthma attack and a panic attack - call 911. Many people die from asthma attacks and it would be better to send her to the hospital than have her/him die right?
  5. Good Job! Call a Mom, Dad, Sister, Brother, or Guardian and tell them what happened if the school hasn't already. Make sure to visit her or call/text!!!

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How to Safely Take Antihistamines

from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
Allergy symptoms such as runny nose, watery eyes, sore throat and congestion can often be severe enough to seek the aid of medicinal drugs. Antihistamines are over-the-counter and prescription medicines that provide allergy symptom relief. They work by preventing histamines (what your body produces in reaction to allergens) from attaching to your cells and producing the swelling that leads to congestion and discomfort. Most healthy adults do not experience extreme adverse effects from antihistamine medicines. However, it is important to understand how to safely take antihistamines prior to ingesting them.

Steps

  1. Determine if your symptoms are a result of allergens by carefully reviewing the medicinal labels prior to purchase.
  2. Determine the proper dosage according to the age and/or weight indicators.
  3. Determine if there are contraindications with any other drugs you might be taking.
    • These may include sleeping pills, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, sedatives and/or muscle relaxants.
    • Know that antihistamines are oftentimes included with decongestants and/or pain relievers; therefore, if you are taking a decongestant you may not need an additional antihistamine medicine.
  4. Determine if you have other medical conditions that contraindicate antihistamine use.
    • Consult your doctor about the safety of antihistamine use if you have glaucoma, high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, an enlarged prostate, thyroid problems, breathing problems such as those from emphysema, bronchitis or asthma, or are a woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding.
  5. Consult with a doctor if symptoms do not improve after 7 days or are accompanied by fever.

Tips

  • Allergy medicines range greatly in price. Generic antihistamines contain the same active ingredients and may be a good choice for those looking to save money.
  • Insurance coverage for prescription antihistamines will vary because many antihistamines are found over the counter. Be sure to check with your insurance company about their cost coverage if you choose a prescription antihistamine.
  • Most antihistamines are available over-the-counter at pharmacies and grocery stores.
  • All people respond differently to medicines, therefore you might need to try a few different antihistamines to see which one works the best for your symptoms.
  • Although antihistamines are effective at curbing allergy symptoms, they do not cure allergies. Therefore it is advised to avoid any allergens that may be causing the negative symptoms. This might include limiting outdoor exposure during airborne allergy seasons or avoiding contact with certain animals.
  • Drink water and rest as much as possible while experiencing allergy symptoms and while taking antihistamines.

Warnings

  • Always consult with your doctor prior to taking any medicines, including antihistamines.
  • Do not give antihistamines to children under the age of 4. Antihistamine use in a child can cause serious medical problems and even death.
  • Side effects may include (but are not limited to): drowsiness, urine retention, blurred vision, abdominal pain, confusion and/or drowsiness.
  • Be sure to read the label on all medicines you might be taking so you do not take contraindicated medicines or ingest too much antihistamine.
  • Do not operate heavy machinery if this medicine makes you drowsy.
  • In the case of suspected overdose, go to the emergency room or contact your local poison control center.

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Sources and Citations

Article provided by wikiHow, a wiki how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Safely Take Antihistamines. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.



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How to Recognize Asthma

from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
Asthma is a common breathing disorder typically diagnosed in children and teens. It is characterized by the constriction of the vessels in the lung that absorb oxygen. Asthma can be dangerous if not treated, and should be dealt with by a doctor.

Steps

Learning the Basic Symptoms
  1. Coughing. Coughing is the most basic symptom of asthma, and is experienced on a relatively frequent basis. If your coughs are wet or you’re coughing up mucus, you likely have a cold or infection. Coughs caused by asthma are dry and respond quickly to the use of an inhaler.
    • If your coughs are dry and frequent but do not respond to an inhaler, you may still have asthma. However, you may be experiencing an asthma attack and should refer to a doctor for help.[1]
  2. Difficulty breathing. In addition to coughing, asthma sufferers experience constricted breathing. You may experience the feeling of breathing through a straw, or feeling like you can’t inhale or exhale enough air.
  3. Wheezing. Wheezing is a type of labored breathing accompanied with a squeaky noise. If a high-pitched sound like air running through the eaves of a building can be heard when you breathe in, it's likely a symptom of asthma.
  4. Chest pain. It is common for asthma sufferers to remark upon feeling chest pain as a co-symptom to difficulty breathing. This feels like a large weight has been placed on your chest, or as if you can’t fully expand your diaphragm or chest muscles. You may also feel a stinging or burning sensation.[2]
Recognizing an Asthma Attack
  1. Coughing spells. You may be experiencing an asthma attack if you have a fit of coughing lasting for a minute or longer, that won’t seem to stop.
  2. Difficulty talking. Although this is often the result of a coughing spell, you can experience extreme difficulty speaking when having an asthma attack. It may feel as if you don’t have enough air to talk, or that you have to gasp when attempting to speak.
  3. Chest pain. Sometimes called ‘retractions’, you may experience tightened muscles in your chest and neck in addition to sharp painful sensations. Your chest pain could also be expressed as a heaviness of the chest, similar to the feeling of a large weight being placed on it.
  4. Extreme wheezing. Regular bouts of asthma are characterized by mild, infrequent wheezing. During an asthma attack however, you’ll experience wheezing with the majority of your breathing, especially if you gasp for air.
  5. Anxiety. As a result of difficulty breathing and chest pain, it is typical to feel anxiety or fear of suffocation. Anxiety typically dissipates on it’s own after your breathing returns to normal and the attack is over.[3]

Tips

  • The treatments for asthma are a usually inhaled steroids. These come in those L-shaped canisters, known as inhalers, frequently associated with asthmatics. They are prescription only, so you will need to visit your doctor to get some.
  • Consult a physician to confirm that it is asthma. Doctors deal with asthma frequently, and will be able to treat you without you having to wait for medicine.
  • Make sure you children know how to use the inhaler. It is very hard to over-dose on an inhaler. During an asthma attack, sufferers can take as many as nine actuations (puffs) to relieve their symptoms.
  • If it was determined NOT to be asthma, but the onset of winter causes you to cough uncontrollably, wear a scarf. And try and find a non-allergic fabric so your skin won't itch. An allergy on top of another is very overwhelming for your immune system.
  • If you have even the slightest suspicion that you or your child has asthma, consult a doctor immediately. Asthma is potentially fatal, and as it can be triggered by physical exertion, children are highly susceptible.

Warnings

  • If your asthma attack does not go away with the use of an inhaler, you may need to get help from a doctor.
  • The aforementioned information is for use in self-diagnosis of asthma, but is not comparable to the diagnosis of a trained medical physician. If you think you have asthma, visit your doctor to be tested and receive proper treatment.

Related wikiHows

Sources and Citations

  1. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/asthma-attack/DS01068/DSECTION=symptoms
  2. http://www.asthma.com/learn/asthma-symptoms.html?cc=p1113c00145:e1:d1:w1:p20&pid=333599&google=e_&rotation=10970&banner=81014&kw=333599#
  3. http://www.webmd.com/asthma/guide/asthma-attack

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How to Use Aromatherapy for Asthma

from wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
Aromatherapy can work as a natural way to relieve asthma symptoms, without the side effects that come with some prescribed medications. Some doctors warn that using aromatherapy during an asthma attack can actually worsen it, but aromatherapy for asthma between attacks can be used as a preventive measure and ease discomfort during an attack.

Steps

  1. Consult your doctor or an aromatherapist before pursuing aromatherapy treatment for asthma. You should never substitute aromatherapy for medical treatment.
  2. Discover the benefits from different essential oils and decide which combination of aromatherapy oils you want to try. Each essential oil can be used diluted on its own, or you can combine several according to your needs.
    • Use marjoram, rose or frankincense, which opens up the chest and allows the body to breathe fully and deeply. These herbs have anti-inflammatory and expectorant effects. Many people report feeling uplifted after experiencing frankincense in particular.
    • Relaxants like lavender and geranium can lessen the spasms that accompany an asthma attack. Both are known to have a comforting and calming effect.
    • Try using salvia sclarea as an anti-inflammatory.
    • Peppermint and ginger are known decongestants and contain antihistamines.
    • Chamazulene, found in German chamomile, stops the release of histamines in the body that cause irritation in the lungs and can bring on an asthma attack.
  3. Use a twice-daily chest rub of aromatherapy oils in between asthma attacks to help soothe the respiratory system..
    • Combine 10 drops of aromatherapy oil with about 20 milliliters of another oil, such as sunflower oil or soy oil, to make the chest rub.
    • Since most asthma sufferers have scent sensitivities, take a small sniff of your blend first to determine if it will cause an adverse reaction.
  4. Make a steam with lavender by adding 10 drops of essential oil to each quart of a very hot bath or bowl full of steaming water. Then create a tent over the bowl or bath so you can breathe it in.
    • Steam can open your airways and lavender has a calming effect. The steam method can be used during an asthma attack and has been known to completely stop an attack or at least make it less severe.
    • You can steam up to 3 times per day. Make sure to avoid burns to the face by hot steam and keep your eyes closed to avoid eye injuries.
  5. Try using lavender in a humidifier or diffuser in your home if the steam method is too intense.
  6. Massage aromatherapy oils on your feet.

Tips

  • When purchasing aromatherapy products, look for essential oils -- not fragrances.

Warnings

  • Aromatherapy is not recommended for children under 5 years old.
  • The Food and Drug Administration does not regulate aromatherapy and it has not been proven scientifically to relieve asthma symptoms.
  • Be careful about using aromatherapy products as they are most likely toxic as well as flammable. They can also cause allergic reactions or skin sensitivities in some cases. You should never apply the essential oil directly to the skin without diluting it.
  • Do not use eucalyptus oil as it can make asthma conditions worse. Those with high blood pressure should also avoid this essential oil.

Sources and Citations

Article provided by wikiHow, a wiki how-to manual. Please edit this article and find author credits at the original wikiHow article on How to Use Aromatherapy for Asthma. All content on wikiHow can be shared under a Creative Commons license.



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